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ABSTRACT Introduction Currently, the physical quality of college students has been declining, contrary to China's goal of building a strong and competitive country for sports. Therefore, developing certain plans to improve students' physical quality and coordination ability is necessary. Objective Study the reflection of muscle strength training in the abdominal core by aerobic gymnastics on students' physical coordination ability. Methods 36 volunteers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The explosive strength of the central regions and the body coordination and balance ability of the two groups of students were measured before and after the experiment, and the data were classified. Results In the experimental group, the value of supine, incline, right side, left side, jump 360 °, and single foot rotation 360 ° were improved. The evolution of the experimental group was much higher than the control group. Conclusion Muscular strength training in the abdominal core with aerobic gymnastics can effectively regulate students' physical quality and movement coordination, thus establishing a good physical basis for daily work, studies, and routine. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.
RESUMO Introdução Atualmente, a qualidade física dos estudantes universitários vem diminuindo, o que contraria o objetivo da China em construir um país forte e competitivo para o esporte. Portanto, é necessário apresentar certos planos para melhorar a qualidade física e a capacidade de coordenação dos estudantes. Objetivo Estudar o reflexo do treinamento da força muscular no centro abdominal por ginástica aeróbica na capacidade de coordenação física dos estudantes. Métodos 36 voluntários foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo de controle. A força explosiva das regiões centrais e a capacidade de coordenação e equilíbrio corporal dos dois grupos de estudantes foram medidas antes e depois do experimento, sendo os dados classificados. Resultados No grupo experimental, o valor de supino, inclinado, lado direito, lado esquerdo, salto 360° e rotação de um único pé 360° foram melhorados. A evolução do grupo experimental foi muito maior do que a do grupo de controle. Conclusão O treinamento de força muscular no centro abdominal com ginástica aeróbica pode efetivamente regular a qualidade física e a coordenação de movimentos dos alunos, estabelecendo assim uma boa base física para o trabalho diário, estudos e rotina. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción En la actualidad, la calidad física de los estudiantes universitarios ha ido disminuyendo, lo que va en contra del objetivo de China de construir un país fuerte y competitivo para el deporte. Por lo tanto, es necesario idear ciertos planes para mejorar la calidad física y la capacidad de coordinación de los alumnos. Objetivo Estudiar el reflejo del entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular en el núcleo abdominal mediante la gimnasia aeróbica en la capacidad de coordinación física de los alumnos. Métodos 36 voluntarios fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Se midió la fuerza explosiva de las regiones centrales y la coordinación corporal y la capacidad de equilibrio de los dos grupos de estudiantes antes y después del experimento, y se clasificaron los datos. Resultados En el grupo experimental, se mejoró el valor de la posición supina, la inclinación, el lado derecho, el lado izquierdo, el salto de 360° y la rotación de un solo pie de 360°. La evolución del grupo experimental fue muy superior a la del grupo de control. Conclusión El entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular en el núcleo abdominal con gimnasia aeróbica puede regular eficazmente la calidad física y la coordinación de los movimientos de los alumnos, estableciendo así una buena base física para el trabajo diario, los estudios y la rutina. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
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Objective:To analyze the characteristics of laboratory test results and multimorbidities in elderly patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and thus to provide a basis for the treatment of RA in the elderly.Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on RA patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from March 2018 to December 2020.Patients were divided into an elderly RA(ERA)group(≥60 years)and a non-elderly RA(NERA)group(<60 years).The prevalences of multimorbidities and laboratory results were compared between the two groups, and influencing factors of multimorbidities in ERA patients were analyzed by using binary Logistic regression.Results:There were 215 patients in this cohort, of whom 156 patients were in the ERA group and 59 patients were in the NERA group.The prevalences of comorbid hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease(CHD)and interstitial lung disease in the ERA group were higher than those in the NERA group( χ2=19.890, 6.977, 5.964, 7.484, all P<0.05).The disease duration in the ERA group was longer than that in the NERA group[117.5(36.0, 240.0)months vs.72.0(10.5, 123.5)months, Z=3.142, P=0.002], and the levels of serum C-reactive protein(CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), urea, creatinine and cystatin C were higher than those in NERA group[9.7(3.2, 24.8)mg/L vs.3.1(3.0, 8.3)mg/L, 31.0(13.0, 53.3)mm/h vs.17.0(11.0, 31.5)mm/h, (5.38±1.54)mmol/L vs.(4.75±1.46)mmol/L, (63.82±15.33)μmol/L vs.(57.31±11.38)μmol/L, (1.23±0.42)mg/L vs.(0.90±0.23)mg/L]( Z=4.275, 2.770, t=2.714, 2.966, 5.714, all P<0.05).The levels of serum magnesium, albumin and hemoglobin were lower than those in the NERA group[(0.84±0.08)mmol/L vs.(0.86±0.06)mmol/L, (37.46±5.32)g/L vs.(40.77±4.95)g/L, (114.52±18.06)g/L vs.(124.32±16.40)g/L]( t=2.653, 4.147, 3.648, all P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the level of serum CRP in the ERA group was negatively correlated with serum albumin and magnesium( r=-0.449, -0.329, all P<0.05).Uric acid was positively correlated with rheumatoid factor(RF), cystatin C, urea, age and disease duration( r=0.259, 0.416, 0.210, 0.232, 0.179, all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with hemoglobin and magnesium( r=-0.262, -0.207, all P<0.05).RF was positively correlated with uric acid, urea, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, the 28-joint Disease Activity Score(DAS28 score), age and disease duration( r=0.259, 0.177, 0.205, 0.234, 0.248, 0.225, 0.211, all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with albumin and hemoglobin( r=-0.301, -0.182, all P<0.05).Serum magnesium was negatively correlated with CRP, ESR, urea, uric acid and cystatin C( r=-0.273, -0.192, -0.175, -0.207, -0.315, all P<0.05).These correlations were not found in the NERA group.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that factors affecting hypertension in ERA patients were age, RF and albumin.Influencing factors of CHD were age, disease duration, serum magnesium and triglycerides.Factors that affect interstitial lung disease were RF, DAS28 score and albumin. Conclusions:Compared with NERA patients, ERA patients show an elevated level of systemic inflammation and poorer nutrition assessed by relevant parameters.CRP, RF and uric acid have complex correlations with serum magnesium, hemoglobin, and albumin.ERA patients have higher prevalences of multimorbidities.Age, disease duration, RF, triglycerides, DAS28 score, serum magnesium and albumin affect the occurrence of multimorbidities in ERA patients.
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Polygonum multiflorum is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and has many biological activities such as hair-blacking, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. However, the liver injury induced by P. multiflorum has aroused wide attention in recent years. 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystibane-2-O-β-D-glucoside(TSG) is a main component of P. multiflorum, but the role of TSG in inducing liver injury is unclear. The aim of present study was to evaluate TSG's potential liver injury and effects on bile acid homeostasis and phospholipids efflux. C57 BL/6 J mice received intraperitoneal administration of 400 mg·kg~(-1) of TSG daily for 15 days, and then biochemical indexes of liver injury and changes of phospholipid content were detected. The changes of bile acid compositions were detected by LC-MS/MS. The results showed TSG 400 mg·kg~(-1) significantly increased the content of serum total bile acid(TBA) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP). Elevated free bile acid levels were observed in TSG-treated groups, including β-muricholic acid(β-MCA), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid(HDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA), deoxcholic acid(DCA) in serum and β-MCA, CDCA in liver. TSG inhibited the protein expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and down stream bile salt export pump(BSEP), which may result in the accumulation of bile acid. TSG also inhibited the expression of 25-hydroxycholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase(CYP7 B1), which may disturb the alternative pathway for bile acid synthesis. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of TSG 400 mg·kg~(-1) significantly decreased the content of phospholipids in bile. The research showed that TSG significantly inhibited the expression of multidrug resistance protein 2(MDR2) and destroyed the regular distribution of MDR2 on the bile duct membrane of liver. In vitro results showed that the IC_(50) of TSG on HepG2 cells was about 1 500 μmol·L~(-1) and TSG at 500 μmol·L~(-1)(for 24 h) could destroy the distribution of MDR2 on the bile duct membrane of liver. In conclusion, TSG induced liver injury by disrupting bile acid homeostasis and phospholipids efflux.
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Animals , Mice , Bile Acids and Salts , Chromatography, Liquid , Glucosides , Homeostasis , Liver , Phospholipids , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Pediatric palliative care refers to the comprehensive physical, mental, and psychological care provided to the children with life-threatening diseases, as well as support for their families, aiming to provide the best quality of life for children and their families. In the face of the large population of children in China, the increasing demand for palliative care services and the insufficient development of related service resources are existential problems in the field of palliative care for children in China. This article reviews the implementation and current development status of pediatric palliative care in China.
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Child , Humans , China , Palliative Care , Quality of LifeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of myeloid differentiation-2 (MD2) gene silencing on high glucose-induced proliferation inhibition, apoptosis and inflammation in rat cardiomyocytes.@*METHODS@#The immortalized rat cardiomyocyte cell line H9C2 were transfected with MD2 small interfering RNA (si-MD2) and negative control for 24 h, then stimulated with high glucose (HG) for 48 h. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA levels of MD2 and inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. MTS and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis rate. Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels and phosphorylation levels.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA and protein levels of MD2 in H9C2 cells were dramatically decreased after transfected with si-MD2 (P＜0.01). After stimulation of high glucose, the mRNA levels of inflammatory factors, the cells in G0/G1 phase , the cell apoptosis rate and the protein level of cleaved Caspase-3 were significantly increased, while the cell proliferation ability was decreased (P＜0.01). MD2 gene silencing antagonized the effects of high glucose on cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis and the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β , IL-6(P＜0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK1/2), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(P38 MAPK) and C-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) protein were increased significantly in H9C2 cells treated with high glucose, which could be reversed by silencing of MD2 (P＜0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#This study demonstrates that MD2 gene silencing reverses high glucose-induced myocardial inflammation, apoptosis and proliferation inhibition via the mechanisms involving suppression of ERK, P38 MAPK, JNK signaling pathway.
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Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Cytokines , Metabolism , Gene Silencing , Glucose , Inflammation , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Metabolism , Lymphocyte Antigen 96 , Genetics , Myocytes, Cardiac , Cell Biology , p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , MetabolismABSTRACT
@#【Objective】To investigate a new method for assessing the intrauterine adhesion（IUA）by three- dimensional（3D） endometrial area imaging. 【Methods】 A total of 121 women with suspected IUA or tubal factor infertility undergoing hysteroscopy were enrolled in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into two groups ：those with IUA and those without IUA. The endometrial area cutoff point was calculated to classify the patients with IUA into mild ， moderate ，and severe subgroups according to their AFS classification. 【Results】 When IUA were diagnosed based on the endometrial area，the area under the receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve was 0.839，the cutoff point was 4.23 cm2，the sensitivity was 0.86，and the specificity was 0.74，the diagnostic efficiency is 76.03%. We further classified IUA into mild，moderate，and severe groups based on the endometrium area as follows：mild IUA（4.02，4.23］cm2，moderate IUA（3.23 ，4.02］cm2 ，and severe IUA≤3.23 cm2. The incidence rate of IUA increased by 30.6% for each one-unit decrease in abortive gestational age and increased by 18.9% for each one-unit decrease in endometrial area.【Conclusion】3D endometrial area imaging is a simple and fast tool for IUA diagnosis and severity assessment，providing a new diagnosis method for gynaecologists to assess IUA.
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Endometriosis is associated with femaleinfertility,but the underlying mechanism has not beenfully understood.As is reported,endometriosis cancause tubal obstruction,hydrosalpinx,tubal adhesionand microstructural damage.Also,the ectopic implantsmay result in decreased ciliary beat frequency andweakened muscular contractile activity of the tube,aswell as abnormal components of tubal fluid.All thesechanges lead to impaired female fertility.This reviewfocuses on the damage to the structure and function offallopian tube caused by endometriosis.
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Objective To detect mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody in children having the upper respiratory tract infection.And then investigate mycoplasma pneumoniae infection status of different season different age children.Methods In 5 403 cases of suspected pneumonia mycoplasma infection of 0 to 14 years old children using the method of passive particle agglutination determination of mycoplasma pneumoniae antibody,and analysis of the statistical results.Results The positive rate was 67.8％ in the groups of children.The rates of infection was biggest during 2 to 3 years old children and 3-4 years old children,14.9％ and 18.4％,respectively.In addition,we found that the highest rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection arised from October to January every year of the following year.Conclusion The infection of mycoplasma pneumoniae is on the rise,and children aged 0 to 6 years old are the main population.
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Objective To observe the clnical effects of influence of tanshinone type ⅡA sulfonate on preventing hepatic artery thrombosis after transplantation.Methods A total of 60 patients after liver transplantation were randomly individed into the treatment group and control group, each 30 patients. The treatment group received tanshinone ⅡA sodium sulfonate treatment (60 mg qd, ivgtt continuous 10d) , while the control group used conventional heparinization. The blood coagulation index and the thrombelastograph variables were detected after 7 days and the hepatic artery resistance index (RI) was detected by using Doppler ultrasonography. The postoperative complications and mortality rates were analyzed.Results Although it had little improvement on the coagulation function after liver transplantation, tanshinone ⅡA sodium sulfonate had significant improvement on the time of thrombelastograph parameters reaction (6.35 ± 1.59 minvs. 5.21 ± 1.37 min,t=2.453) and maximum amplitude (58.07 ± 5.42 mmvs. 61.67 ± 5.63 mm,t=-2.532). It showed that RI have significantly statistical difference between the two groups after treatment (0.73 ± 0.11vs. 0.62 ± 0.10;t=-2.948,P<0.01). During the trial, the control group had 2 cases of postoperative complications, HAT and bleeding.Conclusions The Tanshinone ⅡA sodium after liver transplantation can improve the clotting mechanism, preventing HAT.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of total saponins of Dioscorea (TSD), an extract of the Chinese herbal Bi Xie, on hyperuricemia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The rat hyperuricemia model was established by administration of adenine. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: model group, low/high-dose TSD-treated groups, and allopurinol-treated group. Meanwhile, 8 rats were used as normal controls. Serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A1 (OATP1A1) levels were measured. Comparison between the model group and treatment (allopurinol and TSD) groups showed the serum UA levels were significantly decreased in treatment groups. TSD had similar effects to allopurinol. It was found that the OATP1A1 protein expression levels in treatment groups were higher than in model group and normal controls. And different from the allopurinol-treated groups, TSD-treated group had elevated OATP1A1 expression levels in the stomach, liver, small intestine and large intestine tissues. It was suggested that TSD may facilitate the excretion of UA and lower UA levels by up-regulating OATP1A1 expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Creatinine , Blood , Dioscorea , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Hyperuricemia , Drug Therapy , Intestines , Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent , Genetics , Metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Saponins , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Stomach , Metabolism , Up-Regulation , Uric Acid , BloodABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe anti-cancer effects of Jianpi Jiedu Recipe (JJR) on liver cancer (LC) rats with Pi deficiency syndrome (PDS) and its relation with the third complementary-determining region gene spectratyping of TCRVβ-chain (TCRVβCDR3).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were divided into 8 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the blank control group (normal), the PDS group, the LC model group, the LC-PDS group, high, middle, and low dose JJR groups (75.00, 37.50, 18.75 g/kg, respectively by gastrogavage, once per day), the thymus pentapeptide group (5 mg/kg, intramuscular injection, twice per week), 8 in each group. Rats in the normal group were administered with physiological saline by gastrogavage once per day. PDS rat model was prepared by bitter-cold purgation. LC model was prepared by orthotopic transplantation method. Twenty gene subfamilies of TCRβCDR3 in the thymus, liver, and LC tissues were detected by Gene Scan.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>High and middle dose JJR could postpone the growth of LC volume (P < 0.05), with equivalent liver index and thymus index to those of the normal group (P > 0.05). In thymus and liver tissue of the normal group, the number of clones (20 and 19), gene fragment number (220 and 113), Quasi-Gaussian distribution ratio of TCRVβCDR3 gene repertoire (100.0% and 42.1%), and fragment fluorescence peak area (6,539 ± 2,325 and 1,238 ± 439) were at the highest level among the 8 groups. TCRVβCDR3 expressions in thymus and liver tissue of high and middle dose JJR groups were approximate to those of the normal group. They were in the middle of the thymus pentapeptide group, the PDS group, the LC model group, and poorest in the LC-PDS group. TCRVβCDR3 in liver tissue expressed the best in the thymus pentapeptide group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JJR might inhibit the growth of LC cells, and its mechanism might be related to enhancing TCRVβCDR3 spectratype expression.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Complementarity Determining Regions , Genetics , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta , Liver Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Genetics , Random AllocationABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of total saponins of Dioscorea (TSD), an extract of the Chinese herbal Bi Xie, on hyperuricemia and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The rat hyperuricemia model was established by administration of adenine. Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: model group, low/high-dose TSD-treated groups, and allopurinol-treated group. Meanwhile, 8 rats were used as normal controls. Serum uric acid (UA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A1 (OATP1A1) levels were measured. Comparison between the model group and treatment (allopurinol and TSD) groups showed the serum UA levels were significantly decreased in treatment groups. TSD had similar effects to allopurinol. It was found that the OATP1A1 protein expression levels in treatment groups were higher than in model group and normal controls. And different from the allopurinol-treated groups, TSD-treated group had elevated OATP1A1 expression levels in the stomach, liver, small intestine and large intestine tissues. It was suggested that TSD may facilitate the excretion of UA and lower UA levels by up-regulating OATP1A1 expression.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation between Pi and Shen by observing the relationship between the metabolism of aristolochic acid (AA) and mRNA and protein expression levels of organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp) superfamily member 2a1 and 2 b1 (oatp2al and oatp2bl) in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues of Pi deficiency syndrome (PDS) model rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 46 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the blank group (n = 12), the PDS group (n = 22), the AA-I group (n = 6), and the PDS AA-I group (n = 6). PDS model was established by subcutaneously injecting Reserpine at the daily dose of 5 mg/kg for 16 successive days. Carotid intubation was performed in 6 rats selected from the blank group and the PDS group. Pharmacokinetics of AA-I were detected at 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I. AA-I concentrations in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues of 10 rats selected from the PDS group were determined. Normal saline was administered to 6 rats selected from the PDS group and the blank group by gastrogavage. Renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues were collected in the AA-I group and the PDS AA-I group at 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I. mRNA and protein expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in each tissue were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR) and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the blank group, plasma concentrations of in vivo AA-I were obviously higher in the PDS group at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I with statistical difference (P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of AA-I were obviously decreased at 60 min after gastrogavage of AA-I; AA-I concentrations in renal and large intestinal tissues were elevated; AA-I concentrations in small intestinal tissues were obviously reduced in the PDS group. There was no statistical difference in mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in the aforesaid three tissues of rats between the blank group and the PDS group. Compared with the blank group, mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 decreased in small intestinal tissues of the AA-I group, and the mRNA expression level of oatp2a1 in large intestinal tissues significantly decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the PDS group, mRNA expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 increased in renal tissues of the PDS AA-I group (P < 0.05); mRNA expression levels of oatp2b1 increased in large intestinal tissues of the PDS AA-I group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The difference in AA-I metabolism might be associated with changed expression levels of oatp2a1 and oatp2b1 in renal, small intestinal, and large intestinal tissues under Pi deficiency induced loss of transportation. Shen and Dachang played important roles in substance metabolism under Pi deficiency state, which proved Pi-Shen correlated in Chinese medical theories.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Anions , Aristolochic Acids , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Kidney , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Organic Cation Transport Proteins , Metabolism , Peptides , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To study the physiological indexes of children receiving cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in order to provide some data for establishing the normal CPET reference value in Chinese children.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight healthy children underwent the CPET with the standard scheme.All children were divided into 3 groups according to ages:3-6 years old, ＞6-10 years old and ＞ 10-14 years old.The physiological indexes of CPET were collected, including maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max/kg) , oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2/kg@AT), maximal tolerance power (Pmax), maximal heart rate (HRmax), peak respiratory minute volume to CO2 (peak VE/VCO2), slope of respiratory minute volume to CO2 (VE/VCO2 slope), maximal tidal volume (VTmax) and the maximal minute ventilation (VEmax).The range in normal values for physiological CPET variables was recorded.Results The VO2max/kg was (31.71 ± 7.31) mL/(min · kg), (31.05 ± 5.96) mL/(min · kg), and (34.10 ±8.72) mL/(min · kg) in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of boys.The VO2/kg@AT was (28.32 ± 10.20) mL/ (min · kg), (23.13 ± 9.56) mL/(min · kg), and (22.18 ± 7.72) mL/(min · kg)in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of boys.The VO2 max/kg was (29.27 ± 4.19) mL/(min · kg), (30.67 ± 5.59) mL/ (min · kg) (29.18 ± 6.56) mL/ (min · kg) in the 3-6 years old group, ＞ 6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of girls.The VO2@AT was (26.64 ±9.49) mL/(min · kg) ,(20.53 ±7.66) mL/(min · kg) ,(17.83 ±6.49) mL/(min · kg)in the 3-6 years old group, ＞6-10 years old group and ＞ 10-14 years old group of girls.VO2max/kg and VO2/kg@AT did not change with age,there was no gender difference in VO2max/kg(P ＞0.05).VO2/kg@AT of boys was higher than girls in the 3-6 years old group(t =2.351 ,P =0.023).The Pmax,VEmax and VTmax increased with the growth of age(boy: F =49.436,24.290,28.958, all P ＜ 0.001;girl : F =58.287,42.990,28.802, all P ＜ 0.001), but not significant in different gender group(P ＞ 0.05).In boys peak VE/VCO2, VE/VCO2 slope and HRmax were significantly different (F =4.758,P =0.012;F =8.050, P =0.001;F =3.869, P =0.026), however these indexes were not significantly different in girls(all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions This study provides a set of data for the most important CPET variables in Chinese children.VO2max/kg does not change with age,so it can be used as a valuable parameter in exercise ability evaluation.
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AIM@#To investigate the chemical constituents of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright.@*METHODS@#The compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques, and the structures of the new steroidal saponins were elucidated by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR, MS, and IR spectral analysis.@*RESULTS@#The 70% EtOH extract of the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis afforded two new steroidal saponins, zingiberenosides A (1) and B (2), along with eight known analogues, 3β, 26-dihydroxy-25(R)-furosta-Δ(5, 20(22))-diene-3-O-α-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), methyl parvifloside (4), deltoside (5), methyl deltoside (6), zingiberensis new saponin (7), deltonin (8), progenin III (9) and diosgenin-diglucoside (10).@*CONCLUSION@#Two new steroidal saponins were isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis and their structures determined.
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Dioscorea , Chemistry , Diosgenin , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Rhizome , Chemistry , Saponins , Chemistry , Spirostans , Chemistry , Steroids , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the establishing methods and differences of rat models of spleen deficiency and spleen deficiency liver cancer using the traditional Chinese medicine Dachengqi and Xiaochengqi decoctions .Methods Spleen-deficiency rat models were developed by multifactor methods:bitter-cold purgation ( Dachengqi or Xiaochengqi de-coction), cold-wet environment, tiredness, and fasting on alternate days for 30 days.Seven days after spleen-deficiency modeled,liver cancer in the spleen-deficiency rats and normal rats was developed by subcutaneously inoculation of Walker -256 carcinoma cell line in nude mice and then transplanted into rat livers .Liver cancer models were observed for 35 days. Sixty 3-week old male Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 4 groups: normal group , liver cancer model group , and Dachengqi and Xiaochengqi decoction groups .Degree of spleen deficiency , changes of the body-weight, survival time and tumor formation were recorded .Results Spleen deficiency rat models were successfully established .The weight gain of rats in the spleen-deficiency groups was significantly inhibited (P<0.01), and during the first 20 days (but not later) the average body weight of the Dachengqi decoction group was significantly higher than that of the Xiaochengqi decoction group (P<0.05).Spleen-deficiency scores of rats in the Xiaochengqi and Dachengqi groups were higher than those in the blank tumor group, especially in the Xiaochengqi group (P<0.01).The total tumor formation rate was 91.1%and 80%in the blank tumor groups , and 93.3%in both Xiaochengqi and Dachengqi groups , respectively .The average survival time of Xi-aochengqi group was lower than that of the blank tumor and Dachengqi groups ( P<0.01 and P<0.05 ) .The cumulative survival rate of the Xiaochengqi group and rats with a higher spleen-deficiency score was lower than that of the other groups (P<0.05).Conclusions Xiaochengqi decoction may induce spleen deficiency more seriously than Dachengqi decoction , and spleen deficiency may be an important unfavorable prognostic factor for rat models of liver cancer .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore roles of mRNA and protein expressions of organic anion transporting polypeptide (oatp2b1) of rats with high fat diet and overstrain induced Pi deficiency syndrome in the transporting of damp turbidity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 24 SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., the normal group, the overstrain group, and the high fat diet group, 8 in each group. After successful modeling, one piece of tissues such as spleen, kidney, liver, lung, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine was taken from each rat. Rats of the overstrain group were bonded by specially made bondage cylinder, 3 h each time on odd days, and forced to swim in cold water (10 +/- 1) degrees C for 7 min on even days alternatively for twelve weeks. Rats in the model group and the normal group were fed with standard routine granular forage for 12 weeks. Rats in the high fat diet group were fed with high fat forage for twelve weeks. All rats drank and ate freely. The mRNA and protein expressions of oatp2b1 were detected in the seven tissues using RT-PCR and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mRNA expression of oatp2b1 in liver and kidney tissues of rats in the high fat diet group was higher when compared with that of the normal group and the overstrain group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the normal group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > spleen > larger intestine > small intestine > kidney > stomach. The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the overstrain group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > larger intestine > spleen > kidney > stomach > small intestine. The oatp2b1 mRNA expression in the high fat diet group was sequenced from high to low as liver > lung > spleen > small intestine > kidney > larger intestine > stomach. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the lung tissue was sequenced from high to low as the overstrain group > the normal group > the high fat diet group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the spleen tissue was sequenced from high to low as the high fat diet group > the normal group > the overstrain group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the kidney tissue was sequenced from high to low as the normal group > the overstrain group > the high fat diet group (P > 0.05). The oatp2b1 protein expression in the liver tissue was sequenced from high to low as the normal group > the high fat diet group > the overstrain group (P > 0.05). Of them, the oatp2b1 protein expressed extremely less in the stomach, large intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the normal group was sequenced from high to low as lung >spleen > liver, kidney > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the overstrain group was sequenced from high to low as lung > spleen > kidney > liver > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. The oatp2b1 protein expression in the high fat diet group was sequenced from high to low as spleen > lung > kidney > liver > stomach, larger intestine, and small intestine. However, there was no statistical significance among the three groups by pair-wise comparison (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kidney and liver might play important roles in the transportation and transformation of damp under the state of Pi deficiency syndrome. Oatp2b1 may be one of the material bases involved in the transportation and transformation of damp turbidity. Pi's function of governing transportation and transformation of damp might not only include the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, but also include partial liver and kidney functions.</p>
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Animals , Male , Rats , Diet, High-Fat , Disease Models, Animal , Fatigue , Diagnosis , Metabolism , Kidney , Metabolism , Liver , Metabolism , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Organic Anion Transporters , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective To establish a method for very long chain fatty acids( VLCFA )with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS/MS ). Methods One hundred and one healthy cases and 35 suspected ALD patients collected from April to June in 2009 were enrolled into this study. Quantitative analyzed the concentrations of VLCFA in serum was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The precision, accuracy and recovery were analyzed, and the stability of VLCFA concentration of sample under room temperature and repeated freeze-thawing were also investigated. Serum levels of VLCFA in 101 normal cases were determined and analyzed statistically. The results for the 35 randomly chosen serum samples were compared with those from MDI in Germany. Results Serum VLCFA were separated well under these gradient condition with small interference. The linear range of C22:0 was from 2 mg/L to 64 mg/L, the recovery was 99. 92% -102. 05%, and the relative standard deviation ( RSD ) of intra-day and inter-day was less than 6% and 9% respectively. For C24:0 they were 2-64 mg/L. 95. 12%-100. 44%. ≤6%, ≤7%,respectively. For C26:0, they were 0-8 mg/L, 92.21%-103.71%, ≤7%, ≤8%, respectively. The accuracy of C22: 0,C24:0 and C26:0 were among 85% to 115%. The samples could be stable within 12 h at room temperature and repeated 10 times freeze-thawing. The values of VLCFA in 101 normal cases followed a normal distribution and the measured values were C22:0 =( 19. 43 ±4.43 ) mg/L,C24:0 =( 19. 10 ±4. 58 )mg/L, C26:0 = ( 0. 21 ± 0. 11 ) mg/L, the ratio of C24: 0/C22:0 and C26:0/C22: 0 were ( 0. 99 ± 0. 13 )and ( 0. 01 ±0. 01 ) respectively. The statistical analysis showed the concentration of C26:0 in adults ( 0. 18±0. 10 ) mg/L and children ( 0. 21 ± 0. 08 ) mg/L, C24: 0/C22:0 in adults ( 1.01 ± 0. 10 ) and children ( 0. 99 ±0. 14 ) has no significant( t values were 1. 439,0. 806, respectively, all P ＞ 0. 05 ); the ratio of C24:0/C22:0 in male (1.05 ± 0. 10 ) and female (0.97 ± 0. 10 ) has significant difference ( t =3. 394,P =0. 001 ). Compared the values determined by MDI laboratory, the results of C22: 0( 16. 93 ±4. 30 ) mg/L,C24: 0( 19. 57 ± 6. 40 ) mg/L by this method and C22:0 ( 13.85 ± 3. 17 ) mg/L, C24:0( 16. 10 ±5.84 ) mg/L by MDI have significant differences( t = 8. 401 ,P =0. 000;t =9. 914,P =0. 000 ),but C26:0( 0.68 ±0.48 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22:0( 1.20 ±0.40 ), C26: 0/C22:0 ( 0.04 ±0.04 )by this method and C26: 0( 0. 65 ± 0. 67 ) mg/L, C24:0/C22: 0( 1.19 ± 0. 43 ), C26:0/C22: 0 ( 0. 05 ± 0. 05 )by MDI have no differences( t values were 0. 372,0. 317,0. 945 ,respectively ,all P ＞0. 05 ). Conclusions The quantitative analysis method for serum very long chain fatty acid using LC-MS/MS is accurate, sensitive,specific and stable. It could provide important biochemistry information for diagnosis in clinic.
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Objective To establish a LC-MS/MS method for the determination of MMA in serum,and provide a assay for the diagnosis and screening of methylmalonic academia in the clinic. Methods MMA was extracted from 205 serum samples from healthy controls and 146 serum samples from patients with liquidliquid extraction method with MTBE as the extraction solvent. The supernatant was transferred to a tube and dried with nitrogen gas. Then the residual was derived with HCI-BuOH mixed agent to give a product, which was analyzed directly by LC-MS-MS system with a gradient elution, selective reaction monitor, a Discovery C18 column (50 mm × 2. 1 mm ,5 μm) as the isolation column and a mobile phase consisting of methanol and water (0. 1% formic acid, V/V), respectively. The concentration of MMA was detected with the isotope internal standard method. The stand curve was employed with a series of calibrators. The recovery was estimated with the 3 serum samples with the concentrations of 2, 25, 80 μg/L respectively. The accuracy,precision and stability were also tested with quality control samples. Moreover, the range of concentrations in healthy people were detected to investigate the influence of hemolysis on the detection results. Thirteen samples were randomly tested according to the digital chart. The testing results were compared with the results provided by Medical Diagnositic institution (MDI) in Germany. The paired t-test was applied to statistical analysis. Results The linear range of this method was 2-100 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient (R2 ) was more than 0. 995. The retention time of MMA derivative was 10. 5 min. Succinic acid and MMA were not found to interfere with each other. The within-run RSD was less than 6. 4%, and the between-run RSD was less than 5.0%. The recovery rates were from 96. 42% to 103. 33%. The limit of quantification was 1 μg/L.The accuracies of the method were form 94. 2% to 108. 2%. The samples were stable for 6 h at room temperature and stable for 70 d even keep at - 20 ℃. The samples were stable after 10 freeze-thaw cycles. The derivatives of MMA were found to be stable at least for 5 d at 4 ℃. The medians of the hemolysis group and the normal group were 102.53 (13.84-302.33) μg/L and 39.52 (11.94-203.08) μg/L,respectively. There was significant difference between the 2 groups ( T = 8, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The medians of comparison test in our laboratory and the MDI were 32. 82(24. 50-100. 42) μg/L and 32. 20(26. 65-93. 30)μg/L There was no significant difference between the 2 groups( T=7 ,P ＞0. 05 ). The mean value (-x± s)of 158 healthy adults( 18-58 years old) and 47 healthy teenages( 1-17 years old)were ( 18.46 ± 10.49 )μg/L and (22. 38 ± 11.45) μg/L, respectively. Conclusions A LC-MS/MS method for analysis of MMA in serum is established successfully. The quantitative method is simple and accurate with good sensitivity,specificity and repeatability. The method can be applied for diagnosis, screening and monitoring of methylmalonic acidemia.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) amalgamated to double UV waves method for simultaneous determination of loganin and paeonol in Liuwei Dihuang pills.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A HPLC method was developed. The separation was carried out on a Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column (5 microm, 4.6 mm x 250 mm). The mobile phase consisted of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) with linear linear gradient elution [0-8 min, (B) from 1% to 12%; 8-21 min, B keep 12%; 21-40 min, (B) from 12% to 90%; 40-50 min, B keep 90% for 10 min]. The detection was Photodiode Array with the detection wavelengths were at 236 nm and 274 nm. The column temperature being 30 degrees C and the flow rate was 1.0 mL min(-1). Extracting the chromatergraph from 274 nm and 236 nm, we amalgamated the two chromatographs by matlab programmed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The calibration curves of loganin and paeonol were linear in the ranges of 0.0362-1.09 microg (r =0. 9998) and 0.0450-1.35 microg (r =0.9998), respectively. The average recoveries of loganin and paeonol were 97.3% (RSD 1.4 %) and 103.0% (RSD 1.9%), respectively. Three different batches of Liuwei Dihuang pills were determined with this method.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This is a more convenient, reasonable and credible quality control method for the traditional Chinese medicine.</p>